Healing must take place on both individual and collective levels to prevent intergenerational transmission of trauma.A range of Māori concepts such as ‘patu ngākau’, ‘pouri’ and ‘mamae’ provide understandings of trauma and its impact upon Māori.Māori views of whānau violence recognise the need for political, cultural and spiritual understandings and explanations.Historical trauma can be viewed as a ‘soul wound,’ which sits at the core of generations of Indigenous suffering.Historical trauma is perpetrated through deliberate and intentional acts of violence and oppression upon one group of people by another group of people.Historical trauma relates to the collective trauma experienced through “massive cataclysmic” historical events that have been perpetrated intentionally by one group of people upon another.Understanding both the impact of colonisation and Historical trauma is critical to understanding the origins of family violence in Aotearoa.
Historical trauma series#
Colonisation is both a series of events and an ongoing system of oppression that has disrupted may aspects of Māori social structures and ways of being.Colonial ideologies and practices of gender, race and class that have been imported to Aotearoa have impacted significantly in the undermining of Māori structures, beliefs and ways of living.In Aotearoa, colonisation is characterised by extensive acts of violence upon Māori.The position, and wellbeing of Māori women and children is central to ensuring the wellbeing of whānau.
Central to the colonisation of Aotearoa (New Zealand) is the dispossession of land and resources of whānau, hapū and iwi.It is well documented that acts of whānau violence were not accepted by our ancestors.Traditional knowledge forms within tikanga, te reo and mātauranga Māori provide clear guidance for wellbeing and appropriate behaviours within relationships.Prior to colonisation Māori people lived within whānau, hapū and iwi collectives that supported wellbeing, with whānau as the primary source of support within Māori society.We will discuss assessment of historical trauma and implications for research and clinical as well as community interventions, and conclude with recommendations.Historical trauma and whānau violence (Word DOCX, 353 KB) This article will review the conceptual framework of historical trauma, current efforts to measure the impact of historical trauma upon emotional distress, and research as well as clinical innovations aimed at addressing historical trauma among American Indians/Alaska Natives and other Indigenous Peoples of the Americas. Tribal cultural and regional differences exist which may impact how the wounding across generations and within an individual's lifespan are experienced and addressed. There is increasing evidence of emotional responses to collective trauma and losses among Indigenous Peoples, which may help to inform ways of alleviating psychological suffering and unresolved grief.
Indigenous Peoples of the Americas have experienced devastating collective, intergenerational massive group trauma and compounding discrimination, racism, and oppression.
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